美国Mathematics作业代写:轴上收入/输出

Keywords:美国Mathematics作业代写

在轴上显示收入/输出（Y）和总需求（广告）。45°线显示充分就业发生的所有点，即需求等于产出。当总需求等于AD1、经济在产出水平Y1平衡。但问题是，这是，在输出经济的满级，YF。这相当于劳动力市场的非自愿失业。标准的新古典主义分析将说明失业会导致工资下降，这将消除劳动力市场。然而，凯因斯指出，工人不愿接受减薪，而工资下降趋势“粘性”。正如凯因斯所看到的那样，解决这个问题的唯一办法是政府增加支出，提高总需求。如果政府这样做，AD曲线会由AD1到AD2和经济将在充分就业均衡。这背后的逻辑如下。如果政府开始购买产出，总价格水平开始上升。企业通过增加产量来应对这一点。为了做到这一点，他们必须雇用更多的工人。这减少了失业，提高了产出。凯因斯甚至表示，政府应该借钱以资助这项开支。他认为产出的增加将超过最初的借款。这是由于乘数效应。想法如下。政府在经济上花了一笔钱。这就成了收到这笔钱的人的收入。他们花费这些收入成为别人的收入。进程以这种方式继续。这不是一个爆炸性的系列，因为一些钱的系统泄漏的形式储蓄和支出的进口。这样，政府就应该能够收回任何必须借钱的钱。
美国Mathematics作业代写:轴上收入/输出
On the axes are shown income/output (Y) and aggregate demand (AD). The 45° line shows all the points where full employment occurs i.e. where demand is equal to output. When aggregate demand is equal to AD1, the economy is at equilibrium with output level Y1. The problem, however, is that this is below the economy’s full level of output, YF. This corresponds to involuntary unemployment in the labour market. The standard neoclassical analysis would state that the unemployment would cause wages to fall and that this would clear the labour market. Keynes noted, however, that workers are reluctant to accept wage cuts and that wages are ‘sticky’ for downward movements. The only solution to this problem, as Keynes saw it, was for the government to increase spending and raise aggregate demand. If the government did this, the AD curve would shift from AD1 to AD2 and the economy would be in equilibrium at full employment. The logic behind this is as follows. If the government starts to buy up output, the aggregate price level starts to rise. Firms respond to this by increasing output. In order to do this, they must hire more workers. This reduces unemployment and raises output. Keynes even stated that the government should borrow in order to finance this expenditure. He believed that the resulting increase in output would more than pay back the initial borrowing. This was due to the multiplier effect. The idea is as follows. The government spends an amount of money in the economy. This becomes the income of the people who receive this money. They spend this income and it becomes the income of others. The process continues in this way. It is not an explosive series since some of the money leaks out of the system in the form of savings and spending on imports. In this way, the government should be able to recoup any money which it had to borrow.