美国华盛顿论文代写:冲突与基因
Keywords:美国华盛顿论文代写
更重要的是,作者把正面replication-transcription冲突与基因进化。非同义同义突变的比例小于0.025和0.05在几乎一半以上的基因前导链和滞后链,分别。它表明,不同比例的领导,后随链基因可能部分是由于负选择对非同义突变或正选择非同义突变。给积极选择滞后的证据链,收敛氨基酸突变被检测到,因为他们意味着积极的选择,以及自适应进化。越收敛后随链基因的突变表明积极的选择在一定程度上导致高突变率和基因进化速率滞后链速度更快。最后,核心基因的功能分析了滞后链和大部分这些基因与应激反应有关。因此,后随链基因的突变率高可以帮助人口适应快速变化的环境。这些结果表明,后随链基因的突变率较高由于replication-transcription迎面遇到,这有助于基因的适应性进化后随链。
More importantly, the authors link the head-on replication-transcription conflicts with gene evolution. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations is less than 0.025 and more than 0.05 within almost half of genes on the leading strand and lagging strand, respectively. It indicates that the different ratios of the leading- and lagging-strand genes may due in part to negative selection against non-synonymous mutations or positive selection for non-synonymous mutations. To give evidence of positive selection on lagging strand, convergent amino-acid mutations are detected, for they imply positive selection, as well as adaptive evolution. The more convergent mutations in lagging-strand genes suggest that positive selection in part causes high mutation rates and evolution rate of genes on lagging strand is faster. Last, the functions of core genes on the lagging strand are analyzed and most of these genes are associated with stress responses. Thus, the high mutation rates of lagging-strand genes may help the population adapt to rapid changes in the environment.
All of these results suggest that mutation rate of lagging-strand genes is higher due to head-on replication-transcription encounters, which helps adaptive evolution of genes on lagging strand.
