美国爱荷华论文代写:社会契约

Keywords:美国爱荷华论文代写:社会契约

霍布斯通过共同的社会契约，从自然状态发展到公民政府。只有通过缔结社会契约，人才能拯救自己，成为公正的人(在这种状态下，不存在不公正的空间)。他说，“只有对死亡的恐惧才能导致一个国家的建立”。这句话在现代世界是许多战争的原因。许多统治者,独裁者、暴君,例如像希特勒与德国在第二次世界大战中,霍布斯的思想指导下,国家的人是顺从的,应委托他的主权权利,因为主权是无罪的,只是,因此有“无限权力的规则和惩罚。“统治者会为他的臣民定义善恶。统治者不能做坏事，因为“合法与非法、善与恶，都是统治者意志的表达”。霍布斯授权统治者杀死所有违背意志的人。换句话说，统治者永远是正确的，因为他有上帝赋予的权利，是上帝的使者，所以如果有人做错了什么(这将意味着与统治者的愿望相反)，他将失去他的生命。这与基本人权[28]之一——生命权相抵触。并不是说不应该有国家的规章制度，人民应该生活在完全无政府状态下，而是符合人民权利、愿望和愿望的规章制度，例如规定应进行适当的公民投票，这是人民意志和民主的真正体现。因此，霍布斯，尽管他认为人们通过缔结社会契约是安全的，但他忽视了基本的人权。此外，霍布斯的社会契约更倾向于统治者，而不是人民。
美国爱荷华论文代写:社会契约
Hobbes develops the way out of the state of nature into civil government by mutual social contracts. Only by concluding the social contract man can save himself and become just (in this State there is no room for the unjust). He says that “only the fear of death can lead to the creation of a State”. This saying in the modern world was a reason for many wars. Many rulers, dictators, tyrants, for example as Hitler did with Germany in the Second World War, were guided by Hobbes’s ideas that the man is obedient of the State and should delegate his rights to the Sovereign because the Sovereign is sinless and just, thus has “the unlimited powers of rule and punishment.” The ruler’s will define good and evil for his subjects. The ruler can do no wrong, because “lawful and unlawful, good and evil, are expression of the will of the ruler”.  Hobbes gives authorization to the ruler to kill everyone who disobeys this will. In other words, the ruler is always right, because he has god given rights and is messenger of God, so if someone does any wrong (which will mean opposite to the ruler’s wishes) he will lose his life. This contradicts with one of the basic human rights [28] – the right to life. It is not that there should be no State rules and regulations and that people should live in total anarchy, but rules that are in line with people’s rights, wishes and desires, for example regulations brought due referendum, which is a true expression of people’s will and democracy. Therefore, Hobbes, despite the ‘pretty’ picture he has in mind of people being safe by concluding the social contract, is neglecting the basic human rights. [29] Moreover, Hobbes’s social contract was in favor of the ruler, not the people.